The 2026 Housing Market in 7 Numbers

For four years the housing story had one villain: the rate lock. Everybody had a 3% mortgage, nobody wanted to give it up, and the market froze. That story is now out of date — and the numbers that replaced it point somewhere most homeowners are not looking.

The figures below were presented by Jeff Leinan, Co-President of Plaza Home Mortgage, at the Coast 2 Coast Mortgage collaboration meeting in St. Augustine on August 19, 2026. I have added context, but the underlying data points are his. Taken together they describe a market that has quietly changed shape.

1. The rate lock flipped

This is the headline, and it is the one most people have not absorbed yet. More American homeowners now carry a mortgage rate above 6% than below 3%.

Think about what that undoes. The entire "nobody will ever move again" thesis rested on a nation of homeowners sitting on pandemic-era money. Millions of those loans have since been replaced — by moves, by cash-out refinances, by new buyers entering at today's pricing. The lock-in is still real for the people who have it, but it is no longer the majority experience.

If you bought or refinanced in the last three years, you are not the exception any more. You are the norm — and the strategy that fits a 6%-plus borrower is completely different from the one that fit a 3% borrower.

2. Homeowners are sitting on roughly $11 trillion

The average loan-to-value ratio across American mortgages is about 45%. In plain terms: the typical mortgaged home is more than half paid for. That is an unusually strong position for households to be in, and it adds up to somewhere near $11 trillion in home equity nationally.

The average mortgaged home is 55% owned

Average U.S. loan-to-value ratio, all outstanding mortgages

45% 55% LOAN BALANCE OWNER EQUITY roughly $11 trillion nationally

Average LTV across outstanding U.S. mortgages. Individual positions vary widely — a 2024 buyer with 5% down looks nothing like a 2015 buyer who has been paying down for a decade.

3. When homeowners tap that equity, most now use a second

Here is the number that matters most, and the reason this article exists. In the first quarter of 2026, about $47 billion in home equity was withdrawn — and 54% of it came out through second liens rather than through refinancing the first mortgage.

$47 billion withdrawn in Q1 2026

How homeowners took equity out — second liens vs. everything else

54% SECOND LIENS Second liens — 54% Closed-end seconds and HELOCs. The first mortgage and its rate stay untouched. Cash-out refinance — 46% Replaces the entire first mortgage at today's rate.

Equity withdrawal by method, Q1 2026. The majority now flows through second liens — a reversal from the 2020–2021 refinance boom, when nearly everything ran through the first mortgage.

That flip is not a preference. It is arithmetic. If your first mortgage is at 3.25% and you need $80,000, refinancing means repricing your entire balance at today's rate to get it. A second mortgage leaves the first alone and prices only the new money.

4. Spreads are still wide — which means rates have room

The spread between mortgage rates and the 10-year Treasury has narrowed to roughly 2%. Historically that gap runs closer to 1.5%.

Mortgage-to-Treasury spread

Current vs. long-run historical norm

Today ~2.0% Historical ~1.5%

A wider-than-normal spread means mortgage rates are carrying a risk premium above what Treasuries alone would justify. If that premium compresses toward its historical range, mortgage rates can fall even with no move from the Fed.

This is the quietly optimistic data point in the set. It means there is a source of rate relief that does not require the Federal Reserve to do anything at all — and it is a reason not to treat today's rate as permanent.

5. Households are not in distress

Below pre-2020
Foreclosures
Still running under pre-pandemic levels, despite four years of headlines predicting otherwise.
Below pre-2020
Bankruptcies
Same story. The consumer balance sheet has held up better than the narrative suggested.
+0.8%
Inventory, year over year
Improving, but slowly. More choice than last year, still tight by historical standards.

These matter because they are the counterweight to the gloom. A market with rising foreclosures and collapsing household finances is a market where borrowing against your home is dangerous. That is not the market we are in.

6. But the recovery is K-shaped

The honest caveat: these are averages, and averages are hiding a split. The economy is K-shaped — households with assets have done well, and households without them have not. A 45% average LTV and $11 trillion in equity is a real fact about homeowners as a group. It is not a fact about any particular household.

If you bought in 2023 or 2024 with a low down payment, you may have very little equity to work with regardless of what the national average says. The averages describe the pool. Your file describes you.

What this actually means if you own a home

Put the pieces together and a fairly specific picture emerges. You likely have substantial equity. Your first mortgage rate is likely higher than the pandemic-era myth suggests — but if it is low, it is worth protecting. Most people tapping equity right now are protecting it, by using a second lien instead of a refinance.

Which tool fits depends on your first mortgage rate, how much you need, and whether you want a fixed payment or a revolving line:

If your first is under 5%
Protect it. A fixed second mortgage or a HELOC leaves that rate alone and prices only the new money.
If your first is above 7%
Run the math both ways. A cash-out refinance may genuinely beat a second, because you are not giving up anything worth keeping.
If you want certainty
A fixed second gives you one rate and one payment for the life of the loan. A HELOC is variable — cheaper to open, but the payment can move.

Not sure which side of that math you are on?

Send me your first mortgage rate, your balance, and roughly what your home is worth. I will run the second-versus-refinance comparison and show you both numbers — including the case where the answer is "do nothing right now."

Get the comparison

Sources. Economic and housing figures presented by Jeff Leinan, Co-President, Plaza Home Mortgage, at the Coast 2 Coast Mortgage collaboration meeting, St. Augustine, FL, August 19, 2026. Figures are as presented and are point-in-time estimates; national aggregates are revised regularly by their underlying sources. Nothing here is a promise of your result — individual pricing and eligibility depend on your credit, income, property, and market conditions on the day you lock. This article is education, not a loan offer or a commitment to lend. Black Rock Mortgage, a division of Coast 2 Coast Mortgage · NMLS #303217 · Lender NMLS #376205 · Equal Housing Opportunity.

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